WCAG 1.4.5 Images of Text states that text should be displayed using actual text, not images of text, so it can be resized, styled, and interpreted by assistive technologies. This article highlights the pros and cons to using automated, AI-based and manual based testing.
Read more about Testing Methods: Images of Text
Testing WCAG 1.4.4 Resize Text (Level AA) requires that users can enlarge text up to 200% without losing content or functionality. Automated tools flag code issues, AI highlights visual layout problems, and manual testing confirms usability, ensuring text remains readable, functional, and scroll-free at larger sizes.
Read more about Testing Methods: Resize Text
Testing methods for WCAG 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum), ensuring text and images of text maintain a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 against their background.
Read more about Testing Methods: Contrast (Minimum)
Testing WCAG 1.4.2 ensures users can pause, stop, or control the volume of any audio that plays automatically for over 3 seconds, without affecting system volume.
Read more about Testing Methods: Audio Control
WCAG 1.4.1 Use of Color is a Level A conformance level Success Criterion. It requires that color alone must not be used to convey information.
Read more about Testing Methods: Use of Color
eCommerce is under intense legal scrutiny, making accessibility non‑negotiable. Quick fixes are not defensible. High‑quality, sustainable implementation protects your bottom line, reputation, and, most importantly, ensures your store is usable for all.
Read more about Why eCommerce Must Put Digital Accessibility First
Testing approaches for WCAG 1.3.6 Identify Purpose (Level AAA), which supports adaptable, personalized content for users with cognitive and learning disabilities.
Read more about Testing Methods: Identify Purpose
WCAG 1.3.5 Identify Input Purpose ensures that each input field’s purpose can be programmatically determined if it matches a defined input purpose and is implemented using technologies that support semantic identification of form data.
Read more about Testing Methods: Identify Input Purpose
WCAG 1.3.4 Orientation is a Level AA conformance level Success Criterion that ensures content should not limit viewing and interaction to only one screen orientation (portrait or landscape), unless a specific orientation is absolutely necessary.
Read more about Testing Methods: Orientation
The European Accessibility Act, the landmark EU directive placed into national law on June 28, 2022, is fully enforceable as of today, June 28, 2025.
Read more about Times up: European Accessibility Act (EAA) is now in effect
WCAG 1.3.3 Sensory Characteristics is a Level A conformance level Success Criterion. It ensures that instructions for understanding and using content is not depend only on sensory attributes like shape, color, size, visual position, orientation, or sound.
Read more about Testing Methods: Sensory Characteristics
Portable Document Format, or PDF, is a popular file format that many people use to quickly and conveniently publish content online. While PDFs may offer convenience for some, they create significant barriers for others. In fact, in many cases, PDFs completely block access for people who rely on assistive technology like screen readers.
Read more about PDF Strategy in Improving Accessibility
“It takes two to tango” when it comes to Portable Document Format (PDF) files. Some source applications do a better job at generating accessible PDF files than others. Following is a roundup of common applications that can generate PDFs, and the capability of creating accessible files.
Read more about Applications that Create PDFs & Accessibility Output
WCAG 1.3.2 Meaningful Sequence ensures that the order of content on a webpage makes sense, even when someone isn’t looking at it visually.
Read more about Testing Methods: Meaningful Sequence
WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships states that information, structure, and relationships conveyed by the presentation must be discernible through text or programmatically.
Read more about Testing Methods: Info and Relationships
WCAG 1.2.9 Audio-only (Live) is a Level AAA conformance level Success Criterion. It states that an alternative for time-based media that presents equivalent information for live audio-only content is provided.
Read more about Testing Methods: Live Audio-only
WCAG 1.2.8 Media Alternative (Prerecorded) is a Level AAA conformance level Success Criterion. It states that an alternative for time-based media is provided for all prerecorded synchronized media and for all prerecorded video-only media.
Read more about Testing Methods: Prerecorded Media Alternative
WCAG 1.2.7 Extended Audio Description (Prerecorded) is a Level AAA success criterion, requiring videos to include extended spoken descriptions of visual content. When pauses in the main audio don’t fully convey the video’s meaning, extended audio descriptions are provided for all prerecorded, synchronized video content.
Read more about Testing Methods: Prerecorded Extended Audio Description
Somewhere along the way, my career direction changed and morphed, eventually landing into front-end development, followed by digital accessibility. It was filled with excitement, passion, new discoveries … and imposter syndrome.
Read more about Digital Accessibility: My Journey & Why I Never Looked Back
Third-party solutions are tools or services from external providers that integrate with your website or app, but they can sometimes reduce its accessibility.
Read more about Third-Party Solutions & Accessibility – A Primer